Saturday, November 10, 2007

12 V Car Battery Charger

Charger Aki Mobil 12 V

Most car battery chargers are simple devices that continuously charge the battery with a few amperes for the duration it is ON. If the charger is not switched OFF in time, the battery will overcharge, its electrolyte lost due to evaporation, and its plate-element will likely be destroyed.

The circuit above will eliminate these problems by monitoring the battery's condition of charge through its retroactive control circuit by applying a high charge current until the battery is completely charged. When charging is complete, it turns on the red LED (LD2) and deactivates the charging circuit.

This circuit is drawn to charge 12V batteries ONLY. Certain emphasis should be taken when wiring up this circuit. They are the connections of the transformer to the circuit board, and those supplying current to the battery being charged. These connections should be made with cables having a large cross-sectional area to prevent voltage-drop and heat build-up when current flows through them.

Adjustment


After assembling of the circuit, adjust TR1 to null value, power-up and make the following adjustments :

  1. Without connecting the battery check that the 2 LEDs are turned on.
  2. Connect a car battery to the circuit and check that LD2 is OFF and a current (normally 2A to 4A) is flowing to the battery.
  3. Adjust TR1 until LD2 turns ON and the charge current is cut.
  4. Adjust TR1 to null value and charge the battery using the hydrometer technique (if you do not have or do not know how to use a hydrometer, then use a good condition battery and charge).

Carefully adjust TR1 so that LD2 begins to turn ON and the charge current falls to a few hundred milliamps (mA). If TR1 is set correctly then in the next round of charging you will noticed LD2 begin to flicker as the battery is being charged.

When battery is completely charged, LD2 turns ON completely.TR1 does not need further adjustment anymore. Q1 is connected in line with the battery and is fired by R3, R4 and LD2. The R2, C1, TR1 and D2 sense the voltage of the battery terminal and activate Q2 when the voltage of the battery terminal exceeds the value predetermined by TR1.

When an uncharged battery is connected, the terminal voltage is low. Under this circumstance, Q2 is turned OFF and Q1 is fired in each half cycle by R3, R4 and LD2.

The Q1 functions as a simple rectifier and charges the battery. If the battery terminal voltage is increased above the level that had been fixed by TR1, then Q2 shifts the control of Q1 gate. This deactivates Q1 and cuts off the current supply to the battery and turns LD2 ON indicating that the charge has been completed.

Q1 and bridge rectifier GR1 should be mounted on heatsinks to prevent overheating. M1 is a 5A DC ammeter to measure the charge current. Optionally a voltmeter can be connected in parallel with the battery, however it must have a high input resistance so as not to influence the measurement.



R1= 1KohmsD1= 1N4001T1= 220V/17V 4A Transformer
R2= 1.2Kohms              D2= 6.8V 0.5W zenerLD1= Green LED
R3= 470 ohmsTR1= 4.7Kohms trimmerLD2= Red LED
R4= 470 ohmsQ1= BTY79 or similar 6A SCR  M1= 0-5A DC Ampere meter
R5= 10KohmsQ2= C106D SCRS1= 10A D/P On-Off Switch
C1= 10uF 25VGR1= 50V 6A Bridge RectifierF= 5A Fuse



Kebanyakan alat pencharge aki merupakan rangkaian sederhana yang terus menerus mengisi aki selama rangkaian dihidupkan (ON). Jika aki sudah penuh dan rangkaian tidak dimatikan (OFF) maka akan terjadi overcharge, yang bisa menyebabkan penguapan cairan elektrolit dan merusak elemen-elemennya.

Rangkaian di atas dapat mengatasi hal seperti itu dengan memonitor kondisi pengisian aki melalui rangkaian kontrol retroaktif yang mengalirkan arus besar ke aki hingga aki terisi penuh. Ketika aki sudah terisi penuh, LED LD2 akan menyala dan mematikan rangkaian pengisi.

Hal-hal yang perlu diperhatikan:

  • Rangkaian ini hanya untuk mencharge aki 12 V
  • Semua kabel yang digunakan untuk menyambung komponen termasuk ke aki harus menggunakan kabel dengan kapasitas arus besar agar tidak ada tegangan jatuh atau rugi-rugi panas yang terjadi

Pengaturan:

Setelah rangkaian siap, trimpot TR1 dibuat nol kemudian rangkaian disetel:
  • Sebelum menyambung ke aki, pastikan kedua LED menyala dengan baik.
  • Pasang aki, pastikan LED LD2 mati dan arus yang mengalir sebesar 2-4 A.
  • Atur trimpot TR1 hingga LED LD2 hidup dan arus berhenti mengalir.

7 comments:

come back to bussiness said...

Daftar Komponenya gak jelas Pak

AA said...

Om mo nanya:
1. Kalo Trimpot nya dari 4,7K diganti menjadi 5K ada pengaruh tidak?
2. Susah mencari Tr/Q1 BTY 79 di solo jawa tengah, alternatifnya pake apa ya om?
3. Kalo rectifier digantikan dengan amper yg lebih besar apakah ada pengaruhnya Om?
Mohon pencerahannya

- said...

kang, rangkaian "12 V Car Battery Charger" ko ga ada daftar komponennya???

- said...

bisa ga minta daftar komponennya kang???

admin said...

Sudah ditambahkan daftar komponennya ....

Unknown said...

kang. Q1 dan Q2 nya bisa diganti dengan apa. nyari c106d di daerah saya sulit.

atau email ke saya kang. muhamad_baidhowi@yahoo.co.id

terima kasih banyak. salam dunia elektro :)

dimas adji said...

Dikatakan : Ketika aki sudah terisi penuh, LED LD2 akan menyala dan mematikan rangkaian pengisi.
Tapi ko kayaknya yg justru malah sebaliknya, LED 2 akan menyala di saat kondisi aki LOW.
coba simak benar-benar rangkaian yg ada, LED 2 terhubung langsung ke arus positif, tanpa adanya dioda atau transistor yg mengatur menyala atau mati LED 2.